Appendix: End Notes

1. WHO. 2008. "HIV/AIDS Fact Sheet." Accessed online at: http://www.who.int/hiv/topics/arv/en/ on May 28, 2008.
2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 1993. "Basic Facts About Condoms and Their Use in Preventing HIV Infection and Other STIs." Accessed online at: http://www.thebody.com/content/art17057.html on May 28, 2008.
3. San Francisco AIDS Foundation. Accessed online at http://www.sfaf.org/custom/glossary.aspx?l=en&a=H on May 28, 2008.
4. National Institute of Medicine. 2005. "Glossary of HIV/AIDS-related Terms." 5th Edition. Accessed online at: http://aidsinfo.nih.gov/contentfiles/GlossaryHIV-relatedTerms_FifthEdition_en.pdf on May 28, 2008.
5. UNAIDS. 2008. UNAIDS’ Terminology Guidelines. Accessed online at: http://data.unaids.org/pub/Manual/2008/20080226_unaids_terminology_guide_en.pdf on May 28, 2008.
6. Ibid.
7. UNAIDS. 2007. AIDS Epidemic Update December 2007. Geneva: UNAIDS.
8. United Nations General Assembly. 2008. "Declaration of Commitment on HIV/AIDS and Political Declaration on HIV/AIDS: Midway to the Millennium Development Goals". Report of the Secretary-General. New York: United Nations.
9. Sedgh G, R Hussain, A Bankole and S Singh. 2007. "Women with an Unmet Need for Contraception in Developing Countries and Their Reasons for Not Using a Method." Occasional Report No. 37. New York: Guttmacher Institute.
10. UNAIDS. 2007. AIDS Epidemic Update December 2007. Geneva: UNAIDS.
11. Chaya N, K Amen and M Fox. 2002. Condoms Count: Meeting the Need in the Era of HIV/AIDS. Washington, DC: Population Action International.
12. USAID. 2002. The "ABCs" of HIV Prevention: Report of a USAID Technical Meeting on Behavior Change Approaches to Primary Prevention of HIV/AIDS. Washington, DC: USAID.
13. Sinding S. 2005. "Does ‘CNN’ (Condoms, Needles and Negotiation) Work Better than ‘ABC’ (Abstinence, Being Faithful and Condom Use) in Attacking the AIDS Epidemic?" International Family Planning Perspectives (31)1: 38-40.
14. Stulman M. 2007. "The Flawed ABCs of PEPFAR." FPIF Commentary. Foreign Policy in Focus. Accessed online at: http://wwww.fpif.org/fpiftxt/4484 on May 15, 2008.
15. Office of the Global AIDS Coordinator. ND. ABC Guidance #1 for United States Government In-Country Staff and Implementing Partners Applying the ABC Approach to Preventing Sexually-Transmitted HIV Infections Within the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief. Washington DC: OGAC.
16. Lamptey P and W Cates, Jr. 1997. "Opinion: An Ounce of Prevention is Worth a Million Lives." AIDSCaptions. Accessed online at: www.fhi.org on March 9, 2004.
17. Green E. 2003. "Commentary: ABC or A through Z?" AIDSLink 18(1). Accessed online at: http://www.globalhealth.org/publications/contents.php3?id=1&issue=81 on May 19, 2008.
18. Dowsett GW and M Couch. 2007. "Male Circumcision and HIV Prevention: Is There Really Enough of the Right Kind of Evidence?" Reproductive Health Matters 15(29): 33-44.
19. Hardee K, J Gribble, S Weber, T Manchester and M Wood. 2008. The Creation and Evolution of the ABC Approach. Washington, DC: Population Action International.
20. Holschneider S and C Alezander. 2003. "Social and Psychological Influences on HIV Preventative Behaviors of Youth in Haiti." Journal of Adolescent Health 33(1): 31-44.
21. Pettifor A, A van der Straten, M Dunbar, S Shiboski and N Padian. 2004. "Early Age of First Sex: A Risk Factor for HIV Infection among Women in Zimbabwe." AIDS 18(10): 1435-1442. Cited in: Gay J, K Hardee, M Wood, C Wingfield, E Kidder, K Fleming, A Hairston, F Cleghorn. 2005. HIV/AIDS Interventions: What is the Evidence? (Draft) Washington, DC: The POLICY Project.
22. Kirby D. 2007. Emerging Answers 2007: Research Findings on Programs to Reduce Teen Pregnancy and Sexually Transmitted Diseases. Washington, DC: The National Campaign to Prevent Teen and Unplanned Pregnancy.
23. Halperin DT and H Epstein. 2004. "Concurrent sexual partnerships help to explain Africa’s high HIV prevalence: implications for prevention." The Lancet 364: 4-6.
24. Shelton JD, DT Halperin, V Nantulya, M Potts, HD Gayle, KK Holmes. 2004. "Partner reduction is crucial for balanced "ABC" approach to HIV prevention." British Journal of Medicine 328: 891-893.
25. Wilson D. 2004. "Partner reduction and the prevention of HIV/AIDS." BMJ 328: 848-849
26. Garnett GP. 1998. "The basic reproductive rate of infection and the course of HIV epidemics." AIDS Patient Care STDS 12: 435-449.
27. Quinn T, M Wawer, N Swankambo, D Serwadda, C Li, F Wabwire-Mangen, MO Meehan, T Lutalo, RH Gray. 2000. "Viral load and heterosexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1." New England Journal of Medicine. 342: 921-29. Cited in: Gay J, K Hardee, M Wood, C Wingfield, E Kidder, K Fleming, A Hairston, F Cleghorn. 2005. HIV/AIDS Interventions: What is the Evidence? (Draft) Washington, DC: The POLICY Project.
28. Shelton JD, DT Halperin, V Nantulya, M Potts, HD Gayle and KK Holmes. 2004. "Partner reduction is crucial for balanced "ABC" approach to HIV prevention." British Journal of Medicine 328: 891-893.
29. Stoneburner RL and D Low-Beer. 2004. "Population-level HIV declines and behavioral risk avoidance in Uganda." Science 304: 714-18.
30. Clark S. 2004. "Early marriage and HIV risks in sub-Saharan Africa." Studies in Family Planning 35(3): 149-160.
31. Ibid.